This sounds like what I would refer to as ridiculously deadly. At this point I start to wonder why my character and all the others are risking life and limb just to open a door. Hell, at some point I'd either be tossing fireballs from 50 yards away to blow up the suspect door or my character would have such a paranoia of doors that he would be catatonic whenever he saw one.
Well, to be fair, most players in my games simply avoid doors for this very reason. Doors are often well protected and trapped....but walls, not so much.
I understand your style of play, you just want to be safe and sound, except when both you and the DM agree that it's danger time. Much like where video games have 'safe zones' and 'danger zones'.
Maybe it is a failure of my imagination here, but though you keep mentioning it and I keep straining to understand what you mean, I still can't imagine meaningful failures that can be summoned up at will to substitute for something like death.
So I don't see how you can equate 'lots of characters die' with the absense of other sorts of failure or the presence of other sorts of failure with the absense of death.
It's not really 'lots of characters die', it's more like 'lots of characters could die...and do'. The fear of character death is always there, but it does not always happen. But all the players must stay on their toes to avoid it.
And my game has all the other failure types you mentioned....curses, taxes, trouble with the law and so on. But with two big points:
1)In a lot of games, the 'little failures' are meaningless. Should a single character take even a point of ability damage the would group will run back to town to get that character help as ''they can't adventure unless the group is at 100% at all times''. Or it's so bad as the DM says ''Oh you are effected by X'' and the player says ''Oh, yawn, I use Y and I'm back to normal''. In my game it's hard to remove many failures....
2)Often when a character is effect by a failure, say a curse, the foes will be nice and won't attack. After all it would not be fair for the foes to take advantage of the poor characters failure. But, in my game, you can fully expect a foe to attack your character when your weak and have the threat that your character might be killed.
A good example of this is a wizards spellbook. First many DMs will do the wink and hand wave and just say the spellbook is immortal. So even if the wizard falls into a volcano and is transported across seven planes and lands naked in the Abyss their spellbook would softly land next to them completely unharmed. But even the DM's that would 'target' a spellbook, would then 'be nice' to the wizard and have foes 'forget' to target and attack the character. In my game the wizard would be a traget, maybe even doubly so. For example, if the character lets slip in a social setting that they lost their spellbook, they can well expect a foe or two to try and take advantage of it(even more so a weaker foe that could not stand up to the characters full magic).