Moreover, correct me if I'm wrong but the Identify spell gives also info on curses on the item, while the short rest does not (or possibly has the PC endure fully the curse).
If I recall correctly, the DMG states that identify does not pick up on curses.
To the OP: identify gives all information on an item apart from curse and possibly sentience (I don't remember that part). Interacting with an item during a short rest only picks up the information that would fit with how you interacted with it. There could be special things that won't be revealed by just swinging it around.