Upper_Krust
Legend
Peopke see CR 16 and think lvl 16. Its not its more like 8-10 depending on party size. Think o had CR 17 raw at 9.
I agree, it's not obvious how to incorporate it (unlike 4e).
on top of that a lot of monsters do not meet the target CR, because the devs think secondary factors are a swinging factor which they are not.
But then another factor is players going nova for 1-3 rounds. Rest, rinse, repeat.
So to properly (IMO) determine a monster's CR, you need to use the DMG. listed damage per round (and forget secondary factors) and then you probably* need to maximise its damage when Bloodied (to punish early nova-ing).
*I say probably because it's not something I would implement wholesale, at least not as yet, still testing it.
Better encounter design is lower CR boss but has support. CR 2-4 are cheap and have enough HP to be distracting.
To few get wrecked by control. Fodders useless to many its a grind.
A simpler way is just to fix Boss monsters.
Give it Legendary Resistance uses equal to Proficiency Bonus, make each use of LR. both cost a Legendary Action (or Reaction) and have it apply -1 Proficiency Bonus (as per 2024 Exhaustion rules).