There are NO OFFICIAL FEATS that let you threaten a '30 range to get AoOs.
The Arrow Mind from Complete Adventurer (Ranger lv.1 spell) lets you threaten a normal area (typically '5, but bigger for larger creatures as per their normal reach). So that would enable you to get AoOs, but not out to 30' (unless somehow you were large enough to have a 30' reach with a normal melee weapon).
The Peerless Archer a 3.0 Prestige class (from the FR Silver Marches book) does let you threaten an area, but not 30'. I don't have the book so I don't have specific information, but I think they threatened 10'-15', but not at 5' or something like that.
Order of the Bow Initiate, gets an ability where they don't draw AoOs when firing their bow in a threatened area, but it doesn't enable them to threaten an area. I will check, but I'm fairly certain they don't get any ranged AoO abilities.
PHB II has some class ability substitutions IIRC where in exchange for giving up an animal companion, if a Ranger scores a hit with a missile weapon the opponent is considered flanked for a round.
I suspect that your friend has either made something up or is confusing the 30' limit on sneak attacks with missile weapons for having a 30' AoO range.