Can a character, in my case a Rogue, activate a Runestaff via UMD? A Runestaff normally requires the sacrifice of a spell slot, but the example in the PHB has Lidda using a chalice as if she spent a turn undead attempt.
No, you cannot; that example is in error.
Do you have a published document from WOTC saying that example is in error? I have looked at the FAQ and the 3.5 PHB errata and neither changes text under UMD.
d20 SRD said:Emulate a Class Feature
Sometimes you need to use a class feature to activate a magic item. In this case, your effective level in the emulated class equals your Use Magic Device check result minus 20. This skill does not let you actually use the class feature of another class. It just lets you activate items as if you had that class feature. If the class whose feature you are emulating has an alignment requirement, you must meet it, either honestly or by emulating an appropriate alignment with a separate Use Magic Device check (see above).
Not that I've found, but I haven't really searched for it; but, more importantly, the example contradicts the rules text in the skill description:
So - an item that gives a bonus to anyone wielding it who has the Turn Undead class feature? Valid use for UMD.
An item that works whenever you actually expend a Turn Undead attempt? Not a valid use for UMD.

(Dungeons & Dragons)
Rulebook featuring "high magic" options, including a host of new spells.