Stormrunner said:Lois McMaster Bujold. I know you said "no military", but her Miles Vorkosigan books are "military" the way MASH or JAG are "military" rather than the way "Platoon" is military - that is, they're character-driven plots in a military background rather than a series of battles. Also check out Falling Free (same universe but not a Miles book), about the "quaddies" - humans gengineered for free-fall, with a second set of arms replacing the legs.
Seconded and thirded. Also, the last few Miles books (featuring Lord Auditor Vorkosigan rather than Lt. Vorkosigan or Admiral Naismith) are more about characters in a milaristic society, rather than the military per say.