A lot of "just use magic" solutions, but you forget that magic also requires resources. Not only require a higher institute of learning, something only wealthy societies can usually afford, but also uncommon things like ink, paper or parchment and spell components or crystals.
And you need a lot of spellcasters. Plant grow can double the yield, but only on a small field per day. To really make an impact you still need a lot of fields and enough spellcaster to cast this spell throughout the growing season every day.
Plant growth lasts for a year, and requires a 5th level bard, druid, Nature cleric, or (interestingly) Archfey warlock. Or a 9th level ranger or Ancients paladin, but those would be significantly more rare. Each casting essentially covers a one-mile diameter hex (or at least that's how they'd tessellate). 5th level casters don't exactly grow on trees, but neither are they the stuff of legend. You could theoretically cover two hexes in one day, but not for any extended period of time. You don't need to cast it daily on every field – the duration is a year. So assuming the caster is spending, say, 40 weeks per year and five days a week casting Plant Growth, that's 200 1-mile hexes, or 173 square miles. If you wanted to cover a larger area, you'd need one caster per approximately 14 mile hex.