Here's a brief tidbit. While the sample size I've been working with that suggests this is still relatively small, it stands out.
When a 2014 monster doesn't work with the formula--the 2024 version almost always does. The opposite is not true. If this finding continues as I go through more monsters, it suggests that 2024 uses the same formula as 2014 (and adjusted the stats of monsters that didn't calculate correctly with it so that they do), and that I have a formula that is either correct or extremely close to what was intended for both 2014 and 2024.
As I start including additional factors (right now I've been looking at basic monsters, virtual damage for conditions, and secondary damage (damage or virtual damage value locked behind a save after an attack roll), hopefully that pattern will continue, but I'll see.