D&D 5E Time Travel and forced time paradoxes

[transtemporal]

If you were to run this, would these brief encounters really add up to much, if anything? I could possibly see upsetting a god or gods that may have lost possible followers in their order due to their actions.

It could have no effect, some effect or all effect. Just because you travelled to "the past" and mucked around with some stuff there doesn't necessarily mean it has any effect on your future. Who knows, maybe you travelled to a splinter timeline and changed events there having no bearing on your home timeline. Or maybe it was your home timeline and when you return to the present you actually become a god (people started worshipping you in the past and have been worshipping you for 1000s of years). Or maybe someone started a cult, it got really popular but then got wiped out by a rival cult or a natural disaster.