As to the original question - Traveller was more popular....
That being said, I played both and LIKED both, but for different reasons.
Star Frontiers is a great quick and dirty game that CAN be played in a long term campaign. But its best charm is a series of small adventures with a group of reoccuring heroes - not unlike the original Star Trek series. (It was only later that they started incorporating running themes.)
Traveller was a very solid rules base and was incredible at allowing meta-campaigning. The fact that you could run a military, civilian, merchant or mercenary campaign was the greatest part of its charm. However, the character generation process was a bit wonky at times. Though it didn't happen often, it was (at least theoretically) possible to have your character die during the generation process, which I have heard actually happened and I am sure was more than a little frustrating.
They both had their own charm, and both had their own problems, so I wouldn't trash talk either.