Snoweel said:
Sydney - Sydneysiders
Newcastle - Novacastrians
New South Wales - New South Welshmen
Queensland - Queenslanders (duh)
As you can see, Australians aren't exactly natural wordsmiths.
Melbourne - Mexicans (according to Sydneysiders, because they're from south of the border)
Damn you, you used all the ones I wanted to use.
Very few people use "New South Welshmen" seriously, in my experience.
Western Australians, South Australians, Tasmanians, people from the Northern Territory (ha). Territorians, maybe? For what it's worth, you say "Terra-tree" with a short "ee" sound.
Canberrans (applies to anyone from the Australian Capital Territory, really, and you'd say "can-BEH-runs").
Brisvegans - comes of calling Brisbane "Brisvegas" after Las Vegas.
Mexicans is a general NSW term for Victorians, but people from Melbourne are properly called Melburnians (and I must repeat that Melbourne is not "mel-BORN").
People from Perth or Hobart don't have a name (well, Western Australians or Tasmanian scum, but . . .), and at a guess Adelaiders would do for Adelaide, as would Darwinians for Darwin.
People from the Sutherland Shire district in Sydney call themselves Shire boys and Shire girls, I've noticed. If you live anywhere west of Parramatta, you're a Westie to Sydneysiders, especially those who live on the coast.