That's a made up rule. I'm not saying it's a bad one, but it's still made up. The rules do not define new circumstances thusly (or much at all).
Also, how are you defining the task? If it's not a try again, then logically, you could gain a rank and fail a check, causing you to know less.
Not really the rules don't specifically cover it - they only cover "successive" attempts - which means attempts taken in a row.
Pg 88 under try again
"Any conditions that apply to
successive attempts to use the skill successfully. If a skill doesn't allow you to attempt the same task more than once, or if a failure carries an inherent penalty (such as with the climb skill), you can't take 20. If this paragraph is omitted, the skill can be retried without an inherent penalty, other than the additional time required."
Note that retry only refers to "successive" attempts - not to ones with different "circumstances" or that may be considered different "tasks".
What do ranks mean to you then?
If a rank is not a measure of how much you know (for knowledge skills for others it translates into "skill" while ability modifiers translate into "natural ability" although untrained) then what does it signify?
PHB pg 78 under knowledge and why you can't try again
"No. The check represents what you know, and thinking about a topic a second time doesn't let you know something that you never learned in the first place."
Earlier under the base description
"Knowledge represents a study of some body of lore, possibly an academic or even scientific discirpline."
In essence knowledge represents "learning", adding ranks represents learning more.