That's not behind "hey, knock it off with all the arcane magic; you're making this planet uninhabitable?"
That is what happened because the Gods Abandoned Athas. There were Gods during the Green Age, but they either left on their own accord or were driven away by Elementals. Either way the morals left with them and you ended up with the Dragon, Defilers etc.
Look at the changes to PCs and classes: There are no Paladins in Dark Sun and Clerics are Elemental priests who are severely nerfed (nerfed from the standard 2E Cleric that was already weak). In terms of mechanics, these are the biggest two changes to the standard 2E rules and both of them are focused on Religion. There are other mechanical changes as well, but they are not as significant as these.
I have never heard "you need to be religious or you end up with an amoral hellhole" was a central concept of the setting.
The main concept of the setting is without God(s) you end up with an amoral hellhole. That was a quite common way of thinking in the 90s and was a direct reaction to the moral relativism of the 80s, as the entire world became more religious and fundamentalist.
It certainly fits with the social fabric of the 90s. Especially the Dragons trying to impersonate and take the place of Gods
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