Strange...there is no 5E Southland Campaign Setting (only Pathfinder), but a pdf for 5E?
I think this is exactly the kind of situation Mike was talking about in regards to eventual Third Party releases-- making sure everyone had time to truly understand the rules of 5E before making "out there" changes to things. At some point I'm sure someone will be able to put together a Large character race at some point, once they figure out exactly the sort of trade-offs they need to instruct people to use. The combat pillar strength bonuses have to be off-set by actual mechanical combat-pillar penalties above and beyond the mere "noodle" penalities (story-based or interaction/exploration pillar ones).
With dungeon hallways often being at least 10 feet, having to squeeze just through doorways is not that much of a penalty during combat. Likewise, gold pricing isn't a true offset either because that's entire in a DM's hand and some tables might give out enough treasure that a Large create buying Large armor isn't ever a true penalty. And magic armor? Many DMs still go with older rules that says the armor shrinks or expands to fit the wearer. Thus none of these things can truly be thought of as balancing factors against the higher STR.
So these are just a handful of the things a designer would need to be up on and looking at before being able to introduce a truly balanced Large character race. So while an individual table might be willing to up the Minotaur to Large and let the chips fall where they may on that... it's not something to release as an official product until it's been fully vetted.
There's some problems. First, you'd have to deal with reach. Tall creatures tend to be able to hit farther. But there's also spells. Any spell that creates a burst around you is larger, since the origin "square" is 2x2 rather than 1x1. But that's less of a problem in Theater of the Mind.One thing I don't really understand is why there is an apparent refusal to contemplate a Large player race. Goliaths and Minotaurs can be as big as ogres, Minotaurs are certainly Large NPCs, but when they're made player races the attitude seems to be that they must be shrunk down to Medium.
Now, I understand that there is a damage bonus for a large creature, but that's (I think) fairly offset by the need to squeeze through most doorways and many halls, the difficulty in finding cover or concealment, and the need to pay the price for horse barding if you wear armor.
Why can't a Minotaur be Large and in charge?
There's some problems. First, you'd have to deal with reach. Tall creatures tend to be able to hit farther. But there's also spells. Any spell that creates a burst around you is larger, since the origin "square" is 2x2 rather than 1x1. But that's less of a problem in Theater of the Mind.
There's also gear. How do you work around the creature needing large-sized armour, and shouldn't that cost more?
But a lot of it comes down to reluctance to repeat 3e, where large sized creatures had increased damage from their weapons. So they were more powerful, which made them awkward to balance.
I think it's certainly possible to do a large-sized race in 5e. But being large should come with some penalties and/or be counted as a large bonus for the character.
It will be even harder in 5e because large-size monsters wielding large versions of weapons roll the damage die twice. The enlarge spell, on the other hand, has a flat damage die bonus, I think 1d6, which feels like a cop-out to me as a player and a necessary restriction to me as a DM. That divergence in perception will be a difficult gap to span when creating a large PC race.
One thing I don't really understand is why there is an apparent refusal to contemplate a Large player race. Goliaths and Minotaurs can be as big as ogres, Minotaurs are certainly Large NPCs, but when they're made player races the attitude seems to be that they must be shrunk down to Medium.
Now, I understand that there is a damage bonus for a large creature, but that's (I think) fairly offset by the need to squeeze through most doorways and many halls, the difficulty in finding cover or concealment, and the need to pay the price for horse barding if you wear armor.
Why can't a Minotaur be Large and in charge?
Others have already noted the two races in question are actually medium, but I'm in agreement with your sentiment. It's what I enjoyed about the aaracoka (or however it's spelled) - they didnt fool around with giving them some kind of half-assed fly. The entire point of playing a bird man race with wings is to fly, no need to have you flutter 10 feet at X level, get to hover 1 round at Y level and finally fly at the end of the campaign. They trusted the DM's to limit the race as appropriate, rather than giving you something watered down and unsatisfying. I'm hoping when they do Dark Sun we get full on Large half giants that are 12+ feet tall.
5E has a more loose sense of balance than 4th, so a large creature shouldnt really be an issue. Particularly Half Giants - disadvantage on Wisdom or charm/dominate effect saves would work to balance their combat bonuses from being large, given psionics presence in Athas.
Well, one could look at the benefit as having the Enlarge spell "always on", or with a number of uses per day equal to the typical number of combat encounters. It's powerful, but a race with Enlarge 3/day is certainly in the scope of what a basic race can provide.
Is a hypothetical race that is ONLY LARGE balanced with a human?
Large: You do an extra 1d4 damage with any natural weapon or unarmed strike. You can use a two-handed weapon in one hand. If you use an appropriately sized 2H weapon, you can increase its damage dice so that the average damage increases by about 2. (e.g. a large greatsword does 2d8 instead of 2d6).
You have advantage on Strength (Athletics) checks against medium-sized or small opponents (Maybe: I'd like to check to see if this is handled consistently in the rules and stat blocks of grappling monsters)
Disadvantages: 2x food and water requirements, 2x armor, shield, and other wearable equipment cost, more difficult to get full cover or concealment (a consequence, not an extra rule)