Lanefan
Victoria Rules
The table I use is somewhat more elaborate than the 1e DMG one - it lists about 20 past professions; I'm up to over 100, not counting sub-professions (were you sailor-pirate or sailor-merchant vessel or sailor-navy). For characters coming in at over 50 years of age (all Elves, most Dwarves and Gnomes) they roll another for each 50 years as what they did primarily during that time...which can include adventuring, though the skills learned have been forgotten or renounced since.I forgot about that table in the 1e rules. It's a good start, but, something a bit meatier might better.
If it does exist, I've never heard of it. And good luck running a 250-year-old Elf through that...I hope you've some time on your hands.I wonder if a system where you start at like say, 9 years old, then a mini game where you send your fledgeling PC to various life path tables and wind up with a 1st level character at the end exists.

Nearest I can think of is that 1e module - I think it's called Treasure Hunt - where you start as basically a commoner and come out as a 0th or 1st level member of whatever class you gravitated to during the adventure. I've no idea whether that could possibly be converted with any success to any other edition, though.
Mostly, the biggest headache for me, particularly with long-lived races, is figuring out how much of the world they know about and-or have seen, particularly when it's early in a campaign and some or many things about the world aren't yet common player knowledge. Like right now, in my case.

Lanefan