But...but...you're not describing D&D. D&D doesn't have damage or incapacitation to specific body parts, or really most of the specificity you're describing. (Some of the things, such as unarmed strikes when somebody comes within reach, don't happen to exist but could easily be a maneuver or feat.)
It's like you are asking for Fireball to specify whether the damage is caused by hair catching on fire vs. searing from hot armor vs. smoke inhalation vs. being flung against the wall, and to do more damage when it's in a confined space (which, admittedly, would be really cool). It's just...fire damage. The rest is left to your imagination.
The same is true of martial attacks. All of the things you are describing are the kinds of things that happen in my group. We narrate that stuff all the time.
If you're looking for the specifics to be detailed in the rules, I think you are playing the wrong game. And if D&D tried to do that, it would not be the juggernaut that it is.