On the Outer Planes, if enough people believe in a certain philosophy (or are a certain alignment), part of their plane shifts to the plane that matches that philosophy or alignment (this is mentioned in Planescape and actually seen in Torment). As for a piece of the Prime Material Plane, I'd say that would take some pretty powerful magic, since it's more, well, material than the Outer Planes.
It might take a multi-step process: Translate the region into an astral form, which is more mutable. Then translate it into an outer-planar form, which might involve creating, modifying, or waiting for a giant color pool. Then have a bunch of demons move in. The presence of the demons will eventually cause the region to fall into the Abyss.
If you're talking about the entire Prime Material Plane (I'm not familiar with any version of the cosmology where there's more than one), I'd say that would destroy the entire foundation of the multiverse.