Thunder Rift is perfect for your needs. It has one 32 page sourcebook, a bunch of adventures (which are best used as loose inspiration and rewritten if you use them at all, I don't really rate them)....and that's it.
The things which make it good as a sandbox is that it is extremely small (about 25 miles across, by about double that top to bottom), it has borders (the rift is surrounded by very high cliffs on all sides) and has all the classic D&D setting cliches present, which is all you need for a whole campaign. It was originally intended for levels 1-3 of BECMI, but it can easily support a campaign all the way up to high level play if you detail it in a sandbox style - there's a lot of exploration to do if you made every mile count.
Another suggestion is the Korinn Archipelago from N1 Treasure Hunt. It is a very small setting of many islands, so you can control the flow of the sandbox from island to island (e.g. this island challenges levels 4-6 etc.). It got dumped into the Forgotten Realms as part of the Moonshae Isles, but was originally supposed to be dumped anywhere you want, so whether you use it in the pre-4e realms or not is up to you. (I suspect 4E FR has turfed it, but 4E FR isn't FR for me anyway, so meh.)