There is nothing special about a spell being cast that makes it different than swinging a sword multiple times or running through a line of enemies.
Holy freaking cow.. that is what you are proposing? That a caster can use his reaction to cast counterspell in the middle of casting Scorching Ray and it will not break his cast of the original spell? The problems with that proposal are self evident in my mind.
Fist of all, why bother to have Casting TIME? The reason they explain Casting Time in the Spell casting section is to point out the amount of time it takes to cast each one. Why? Because that is a limiting factor. "A spell cast with a bonus action is especially swift". The only reason this is pointed out is because they are telling you why it can be done in the same round as another action. Because it doesn't take long to do.. the obvious implication being that you can't do it at the same time as something that requires an action. An action is a length of time, supported by the text: "Most spells require an action to cast, but some spells require a bonus action, a reaction, or much more TIME to cast." (emphasis mine) That sentence says that an action is a length of time requirement. We all know it to be about 6 seconds. That defines casting time as a constraint and implies you can't do both at once.
There no way that the intent of the developers is for you to be able to cast two spells at the same time. In fact Chris Perkins already said that is against the rules. I think I'm going to go with his ruling on this one?
If you recall, it also doesn't say in the rules that you can't short rest over and over again, but Mearls said they aren't going to writes rules to prevent people from doing stupid things. I think this falls squarely in that category. My opinion.