I've had a chance to read over the seminar information.
My take on the Charm Person example is that WotC have a basic framework for Fighter damage (which we can assume scales very slowly) which they are using as the default (Fighter as 100% as is mentioned a few times).
Assuming Charm Person is the equivalent of 10.5 damage then, we must assume it has a likely duration of "Until the end of your next turn" (or possibly save ends).
The former assumes that basic Fighter damage is roughly 10.5 damage per round and that the Charm Person effectively nullifies the attack of one humanoid character.
The save ends option might assume that the basic Fighter damage is 7 (2d6) and that any save ends option is treated as a flat 50% increase.
Fireball at 5d6 is equivalent to a 9th-level Daily from 4E.
Hypothetically...
d4 (2.5) = base Wizard damage (area attack?)
d6 (3.5) = base Caster damage (single target, roughly 50% more than area attack)
2d6 (7) = base Fighter damage
5d6 (17.5) = Fireball damage (area attack, Daily Spell)
7d6 (24.5) = (single target, Daily Spell)
The difference between d4, 2d6 and 5d6 is between x2.5 and x2.8. Which would balance the idea of the Wizard being weaker than the Fighter in typical play but flip that around when taking Daily Spells into account.
Looking at the single target difference and it seems balanced against:
50% (Caster single target base), 100% (Fighter base), 350% (Caster Daily single target).
That assumes daily spells would be balanced for use (on average) every 6 rounds of combat.
Of course all the above is speculative based on the scant amount of information we have at this stage.