How far a man can see under star/moonlight.

[Shin Okada]

How concealment from darkness affects spell casting? It is obvious that a caster can't target in total darkness (unless he has darkvision and such). But in partial darkness? Under the moonlight, can a human caster cast a spell against distant foe without trouble?

 

[dkilgo]

I would have to say, no. There would have to be either a percentile chance, or a penalty mod to his spellcraft check.

 

[AuraSeer]

Spells that do not require an attack roll do not suffer from miss chances. You can target anything you can see. To determine what exactly you can see, you use a Spot check. The modifiers are on the page listed above. Don't forget the -1 per 10' distance.

[house rule]
The given base DC of 20 is for spotting something when you don't know it exists; IMO, that's very high for picking out a target you've already engaged. To target an enemy in the dark, if you know the general area to look in, I use a base DC of 0 (modified by light conditions and distance). YMMV.
[/house rule]

 

[Plane Sailing]

And, how far a man can see in the darkness with a campfire? Is any supplement contain such kind of information?

If you don't mind a silly answer...

About 2.2 million light years (the unaided human eye can pick out the andromeda galaxy at night).

More seriously, it depends upon how brightly illuminated and how big the object you look at is.

(You've had lots of good answers, so I hope you don't mind this one - the real distance the human eye can see often surprises people!)