There is no point whatsoever in quoting a dictionary definition unless you cite the dictionary. There is also the issue that dictionaries are sometimes an awkward thing to cite at all for this sort of thing, but that's different matter...
Except that anime is defined by a very specific quality that all anime share, including those examples Yora gave that you seem to be reluctant to call anime: relatively simple coloring and linework that puts a greater emphasis on emotion and expression than on detail. That simple quality is something that almost all anime/mange art shares to one extent or another. Manga and anime art has evolved in an environment that emphases timely deadlines over elaborate detail-work. An average manga creator is expected to produce about twenty pages of black and white comic a week, every week for years on end. You can't accomplish that with highly detailed drawing.
That last picture is almost certainly from an anime. Just as anime production focus on easily animated characters, they also often have rather detailed and realistic backgrounds. This is for a lot of reasons, but mostly because you only need to draw a background once, but you can must draw characters more than 20 times for each second of animation. The needs differ, so that difference in style is something of an anime quirk. There is also the fact that the example given is clearly using a common anime/manga technique of being borrowed almost directly from photographic references. So, yeah, that's an anime background. Not all anime does this (and some western animation does too), but it happens a lot.
