Are you going from web images? What format is the map in originally?
For web images, a .jpg will resize fine, though if it's at a low resolution (probably at 72dpi), you won't be able to blow it up too much. Of course, that will be the problem with most web images. They're at screen resolution, so taking a smaller portion and increasing the size for more detail just won't work well.
.gif files don't resize well at all, up or down. They are in indexed color, and that tends to get bitmapped with you resize.
If you have an original file at a higher resolution, like a photoshop file, you're in business.
Anyway, give me a little more info. If you want to post the original image, I can play with it and see what your best options might be.