At it's core, though, the Ranger problem is that he's constrained on all sides. He actually has a very narrow design space. He's wedged between Fighter, Barbarian, Druid, and Rogue. You can't make the Ranger better at doing what those classes do. And if you try to expand the class in a new direction, you risk running into Paladin, Bard, Cleric, and Monk. In a very real sense, the Ranger is the new Bard. You end up with a class that fights like a Druid, casts like a Barbarian, sneaks like a Fighter, and tanks like a Rogue.
Part of my ideal solution is to ditch the Barbarian. It appeared out of nowhere in 3E and had no relationship with the 1E Barbarian that came before it. I don't really have a huge problem with the berserker or totem warrior archetypes, but I'm certainly going to side with the Ranger over the Barbarian in a turf war.
Don't like that the 2d6 encroaches on the Barbarian's toughness? Tough. The johnny-come-lately can suck it up or get lost.
Don't like that the Ranger can soak environmental effects better than the Barbarian? Again, tough. The Barbarian should have thought about that before bringing his sad, pansy butt to the party.
In short, the Barbarian can sod off and find his own schtick. The Ranger has had "tough wilderness guy" since the Barbarian was gleam in Gygax's eye.
[*]Creature Type Matters. But you can't change it once you picked it, and you won't know what to pick in most campaigns. When it works it's generally good, but it's flawed. The player has no control over how useful this ability will be. That makes feel worthless, even when it's working. This is precisely why abilities like Turn Undead got alternate uses.
Agreed. The original design was pretty much "add your level to hit and damage for anything vaguely humanoid and not too freakish that you're likely to want to kill". That was simultaneously too broad and too narrow to make a standard power. It generally worked within the assumptions of 1E (lots of orcs, etc.), but not the way the game evolved. I'd say it should be dropped from the core class. I could see a subclass that brought this back, but probably not; it's just too wonky.
[*]Terrain Type Matters. Much less useful than creature type, and feels worthless for the same reason: the player has zero control over when this ability works. It also has the problem of crossover. I mean, if you're in a mangrove forest, are you in a forest, a swamp, or a coast? Worst of all, this ability feels like it punishes you for adventuring or exploring. You're best in one or two terrains. Why wouldn't you just stick to those? It's so frustrating when the other players ask for help and you're all, "Sorry, I don't know anything about grasslands, I know forests and swamps." This is why NPC Rangers always seem great. They're always built for the environment they live in. PCs can't do that.
This
can be problematic, but I think the way 5E handles it is workable. Yes, your GM can totally screw you over, but you're going to get fair mileage out of the ability in most games.
I emphatically do
not want to see any sort of swappable favored enemy or terrain. That's mechanically balanced, but really tanks the flavor aspect of the character. I can't help but to picture, "I spent my youth fighting skirmishes against the desert gnolls. I learned their ways, so that I might use their own tactics against them. The wastes become as comfortable to me as my own mother's bosom. Wait... tritons are raiding the merchant ships of the fertile coast? Let me sleep on it and I'll figure it out." :/
[*]Animal Companions. Even this isn't really a Ranger schtick
Full stop.
If you
must attach them to Ranger, then make them work. Make them optional, but make them work. I have no opinion on the current Beast Master build because no one in my group can figure out what pets have to do with Rangers. I actually have a player who was going to build a beast master character as a back-up -- until he realized that the power belonged to the Ranger instead of the Druid. That was the end of that.
[*]Tracking. Definitely something the Ranger always excels at... but again, it only works when the DM says it does. Does your campaign feature an encounter where you actually need to follow someone? No? Well, then this ability does nothing. 5e doesn't really seem to do much to highlight this as a Ranger-specific skill, just like traps and locks are no longer really a Rogue-specific skill.
You can do a lot more than just follow someone with tracking. A creative Ranger can ask a lot of very good questions of an area. Go watch
The Princess Bride (again, presumably). Although played for laughs, Prince Humperdink does a great job at showing a Ranger's tracking. This ability is better than a lot of divination spells.
[*]Dual Weilding/Archery. Whether or not it annoys you that Rangers have been pegged as archers in spite of D&D never reinforcing that trope until 3.5e is kind of beside the point. Both these abilities are tied to the class, now, in both the game and in fiction. The real issue here isn't that the choices aren't good or don't matter. It's that the choices are common. Fighters do this just as well. Indeed, one level of Fighter is enough to do this just as well. Paladins and Barbarians get their own tricks, either with the Paladin's own styles or the Barbarian's non-style of recklessness and rage. This is a minor factor, whereas in the past the Ranger's abilities for dual-weilding and archery were simply unmatched.
Archery has been associated with the Ranger since 1E. At the very latest, the Dragon article with the Archer-Ranger class shows that. The TWF Ranger was a wart in 2E that, presumably, came from a certain drow twerp and someone not realizing that he was a dual-wielder because all drow are ambidextrous, not because he was a Ranger. I say "presumably", because there's no other explanation that makes sense. There is absolutely no relationship (pro or con) between TWF and being a wilderness defender (distinctly different from defender of the wilderness). I think that the 5E way of handling fighting styles is the best, yet. Whether it's TWF, archery, or something else, a Ranger's fighting technique
should be a footnote.