Jhulae said:
Go to a toystore and find those toy swords that are made for kids.
As an adult, grip one. It will *not* fit comfortably in the hand. The grip is thinner, the pommel scrapes against the bottom of the hand because the grip is shorter, etc. All in all, it's not very comfortable to wield. It would even be harder to wield if you were wearing gauntlets or thick gloves. Your whole hand might not even be able to grip the weapon. That would be a distraction in combat.
Same thing if you pick up toy guns designed for younger kids. Again, it's hard to your hand on the whole grip. That would affect accuracy as well.
Rethink that. The toy isn't made for actual combat.
Look to the katana again. Schools teach a battlefield grip that looks similar to a baseball grip. Both hands are close to the tsuba (hand guard). Why do they do that, you ask? I'll tell you!!
The tang of a katana is actually too short for the weapon to be used with one hand at either end of the grip (which, high school physics will show, is the grip that provides the most power in a strike. It provides greater leverage and speed.). If they hit armor, the leverage will snap the handle where the tang ends.
Well, if they can skimp in this regard, why can't they skimp on the metal along the other two dimensions of the tang? What the heck, I'll tell you this as well...
Skimping along the other two dimensions means that the blade won't handle the stress of a strike where the blade and tang meet . A broken handle can be replaced; a broken blade will have to be resmelted or reshaped. You can't just re-attach the tang.
As to the question about small critters being as strong as medium critters, think of strength on two levels. There's the constant carrying rate infleunced by endurance. Then there's the quick bursts that can be attained, like that of a punch.
A human and a halfling both strike with the same power in combat, as represented by their identical strength bonuses (a 14 str gives a +2 to damage regardless of size).
Now, if the human weapons tangs are at the bare minimum to be combat effective, why are small creatures weapons grips (which are built around the tang) going to be any smaller?
As for toy guns, have you seen the derringer .22 caliber pistols? They don't fit comfortably in your hand, but it's built for a medium creature. Do they take penalties for using it?