mostly, I use non-representative bits on maps - I specifically avoid use of full on miniatures for both the representation and the costs. Not even counters with silhouettes - just numbered squares with a facing indicator.
Miniatures, as opposed to numbered tokens, have a profound psychological effect on players thinking about combat and visibility. They imply postures, species, and armaments. And when substituted for others, creates more misunderstandings about what's there than I care for. I really first noticed this when running Fasa's Star Trek RPG. The use of counters with silhouettes got different play than simply using counters with just numbers and a direction arrow. The one time I used 3d figures, the effect was more pronounced.
For long ranged, I use overhead pen to mark numbers on a laminated map.
I sometimes use TOTM, especially when the threat is a long way away.