If you're going to paraphrase rules from Chapter 7, I would advise you to read the very next sentence: "The DM calls for an ability check when a character or monster attempts an action (other than an attack) that has a chance of failure."
Who decides when a character attempts an action? The player. (PHB Introduction, plus Chapter 8).
The game is a conversation wherein the DM and players have specific, defined roles in that conversation. The player has to describe to the DM what they want to do before the DM can narrate the result. The DM can't say what the character does and the player can't say how what they do turns out. This is fundamental to the entire game and is found in the section very aptly titled "How to Play."
Having to tell the DM you're trying to recall lore or make deductions may not be your preferred aesthetic and you might have table rules to handle it some other way, but the rules give us clear instructions on what to do here.
I don't mold my reading of the rules to how I play the game. I mold my play to what the rules tell me to do. (If I don't like it, I don't play that game.) If the rules supported your position, I would be arguing in your favor and playing how you do, if I found it to be fun. But they don't, so I don't.