Respect for life is good? A very lawful good or at minimum good concept. And if you are in an evil kingdom like Cheliax?
Good is explicitly defined as incorporating respect for life.
SRD said:
Good implies altruism, respect for life, and a concern for the dignity of sentient beings.
Thus, good characters have respect for even the Evil rules of Cheliax. Compare to the respect for life demonstrated by propaganda against the Japanese in WW II, much less any medieval respect for the life of, say, the Saracens by the Christians or vice versa, or the Catholics for the Protestants, etc. etc. ad infinitum.
Gender, racial and species equality is only in the game due to the producers wishing to stay PC, but in reality, it is a universal concept? Dwarves still don't like elves, orcs and goblins hate them, etc.
Orcs and goblins are evil, so they can be OK with inequality. Try being a Jew in renaissance Venice, or an Indian in colonial Britain. Women? Own property? Don't be ridiculous! They are certainly not soldiers, nor priests, nor merchants, in medieval (or even much more recent) times. But they don't seem at all hindered in Golarian.
Slavery is still rampant in Golaron.
Not in those cultures presented as "good".
Most nations have their own coinage systems and it is only a game convenience that we call them gold pieces, silver, etc. This was never a restraint of trade even in roman times.
Barter was the main trade in Roman times to much later eras. Knowing that a Longsword can be had for 15 gp, and not one coppere more or less, wherever one may travel seems decidedly non-medieval to me. For that matter, the fact that all longswords are more or less identical seems a lot like that mass production - why aren't some better balanced (bonus to hit), but less weighty (less damage), while others are heavier, perhaps unwieldy (maybe a penalty to hit, or a slower attack) but more damaging when they connect? The value of precious metal was by no means universal in medieval times.
If your king is evil you better swear fealty and even in good kingdoms even passively not supporting the powers at be makes for a short life.
I see this arise in precious few campaigns.
As for magic in Roman times, it is said that when Moses turned his staff into a snake, the pharaohs priests were able to do the same. Who is to say we didn't?
If you wish to provide evidence of the existence of magic in our world, by all means be my guest!
A common language? Again a game convenience, but French was long considered the universal language of diplomacy prior to English.
But it was not spoken universally, was it? It was simply the language in which, by convention, diplomatic articles were written. See
http://www.legallanguage.com/legal-articles/language-of-diplomacy/ for a brief discussion of the French language in medieval times. The fact it was used by the upper classes in no way makes it universal for communication, like the game convenience of common.
Similar game conveniences include universal currency, and universal prices, and universally available products that, if not able to be mass produced, nevertheless are as available as mass produced items in the 21st century.
What's the price of 500 glass vials or flasks? I suspect less than the cost of a wizard casting a 5th level spell - the wizard's fee expectations keep the craftsmen in business.