The option that your spellcasting check sets the DC is probably the best solution so far (like 3e psionic combat). Roll d20 and add your skill ranks for the DC.
Another option though would be that you don't have to make a success check if the spell level is less than your character level. Thus, you'd only be making the success checks for spells that are pushing your limit. This has the problem though in that it would probably make infinite lower level spells possible. Perhaps you could put a time limit on it as well. If the same spell type is cast within 1 minute of each other, then you need to make checks as if it were a higher level spell (kind of borrowing from the recharge magic idea from unearthed arcana). You could even modifiy the time between spell castings so that attack and charm spells would be able to have a quicker wait time (d4 rounds), and some of the utility spells would have longer wait times (1 hour).
The other thing that could keep it "skill based" is that the spell could succeed automatically, but after casting you make a skill check to determine if you become fatigued (or exhausted).
I like the wealth version, but the problem is that the way the wealth system is structured there seems to be a design mechanic to help to keep it balanced. Just about all of the potentially unbalancing items (all magic items for example) have purchase DCs of 15 or more (meaning that regardless of your wealth score you automatically reduce your score). If you structured it so that your magic rating would automatically be affected more quickly, it might work. Maybe just make it such that anything with a higher MR than 5 would cause a deduction or something like that.
You're skill check could compliment what causes you to recover your MR rather than just resting. Like you get skill check points back each 8 hours that you rest.
Another option though would be that you don't have to make a success check if the spell level is less than your character level. Thus, you'd only be making the success checks for spells that are pushing your limit. This has the problem though in that it would probably make infinite lower level spells possible. Perhaps you could put a time limit on it as well. If the same spell type is cast within 1 minute of each other, then you need to make checks as if it were a higher level spell (kind of borrowing from the recharge magic idea from unearthed arcana). You could even modifiy the time between spell castings so that attack and charm spells would be able to have a quicker wait time (d4 rounds), and some of the utility spells would have longer wait times (1 hour).
The other thing that could keep it "skill based" is that the spell could succeed automatically, but after casting you make a skill check to determine if you become fatigued (or exhausted).
I like the wealth version, but the problem is that the way the wealth system is structured there seems to be a design mechanic to help to keep it balanced. Just about all of the potentially unbalancing items (all magic items for example) have purchase DCs of 15 or more (meaning that regardless of your wealth score you automatically reduce your score). If you structured it so that your magic rating would automatically be affected more quickly, it might work. Maybe just make it such that anything with a higher MR than 5 would cause a deduction or something like that.
You're skill check could compliment what causes you to recover your MR rather than just resting. Like you get skill check points back each 8 hours that you rest.