Voadam
Legend
So if you are running and part way through your movement you notice you hit a pressure sensor, can you stop?No, because that's not what's happening. The pressure plate activates when you step on it in this example.
Since you only provoke an opportunity attack after you leave someone's reach, a more appropriate analogy would be that there is a section of floor covering a pit that normally has some kind of locking mechanism to keep people from falling through. If you hit the pressure sensor, however, that lock is disengaged, and so, after leaving the section of floor it is located on, and then stepping on the now unlocked floor panel, stepping on it causes it to swing open and you fall.
Of course, in D&D, such a trap would probably allow for a Dexterity save, so an even more appropriate analogy would be, that, instead of a pit trap, there's a glyph of warding that explodes when you step on it. Either way, you can't look at it as "oh, I was moving, and that guy's sword is in front of me, I better stop".
You committed to moving, knowing you would provoke an opportunity attack from a foe whose space you are leaving. And then you got hit by it. Any rider effect attached to that attack that could prevent your movement certainly has it's normal effect, but you are still committed to leaving the attacker's reach. If you hadn't done so, or intended to do so (in the case of movement prevention), there wouldn't have been an opportunity attack in the first place.
And for all the "I only move a fraction of 5 feet" statements, if you're not 5' away, you haven't left the attackers reach.
Normally under 5e rules I think you can run up five feet, swing your sword at someone, then decide whether you are going to keep going or not based on whether you kill that enemy. You can do this multiple times if you have multiple attacks.
The interrupt preventing the trigger of the interrupt is inherent in the nature of the attack of opportunity timing and interrupt nature.
If you get knocked prone leaving someone's threatened space and you still have movement I would think you can decide to crawl or to get up and keep going on your feet or not keep going.
If you provoke an attack for leaving the threatened space that gets resolved before you leave the space, if it prevents you from moving (grappling, paralysis, magically stopped, etc.) then you never actually get to the trigger action.