While it doesn't say explicitly, I would say the save for a Divination targeted on another person would be Will (Harmless) and Spell Resistance does apply. It's an odd spell that doesn't grant a saving throw and SR, and Will makes the most sense as far as the save is concerned. In the absense of official word, you have to give the benefit of the doubt to the spells target.
I don't think there is a master list, but most of the Spell Lists describe what Saving throw to use and whether spell resistance applies in the early part of the description (though I'm sure you know that
).
The only restrictions I see on the Translate feature (and even in the core Comprehend Languages spell) is that the language must be spoken. Taken literally, creatures who do not communicate via a formal language can't gain the benefit of the spell, nor can you understand a creature who doesn't have a "spoken" language. I hate literal interpretations that have little real impact, so to me, "spoken" can be replaced with "audible", in which case you and Fido can debate the finer points of Bigby's Dimensional Theory to your heart's content. Really, its a gray area that the DM'll need to establish one way or the other.
Honestly, when I first read your question before doing some quick research, I had it in my head that the target creature needed an intelligence of at least 3 to gain the benefit of the spell. I couldn't find that anywhere, though, so I'll stand by my "audible" language theory. Besides, doing it that way allows a scenerio like the Wolf Brother from the Wheel of Time series (if you haven't read it, Wolf Brothers had the ability to speak with, oddly enough, wolves).
My desire to know more about the fates of the characters can't be quelled... *sigh*
