Oh, god.
Ok, once more into the breach.
The impact of a single +1 is only distinguishable with large data sets and statistical analysis; it's not something you will notice in play. You might think you notice it in play, perhaps because you miss that important roll by 1 point, but if you observe the successes & failures of another character, without seeing their rolls, you won't notice a pattern. Or, more accurately, any pattern you think you notice is more likely to be random noise than an actual pattern.
But, as the saying goes, "The existence of dawn does not invalidate the difference between day and night." Just as minute by minute one cannot distinguish the lessening darkness, but the difference between night and day is still apparent, so too with ability bonuses: if your prime stat is a 5 then of course you are going to notice that rolls fail a lot.
The point, however, is that there is no single number at which you can rationally say "This is the Line of Death. The character concept is viable above this number, and non-viable below this number." I mean you can say it if you want, but it's not defensible mathematically. If you can roleplay a genius with Int 20, you can roleplay the genius with Int 18. And if you can do it with 18 you can do it with 16. And so on. At no point do the statistics of the game suddenly plunge off a cliff where it no longer works; it's a consistent step function the whole way down.