No. A mind blade is not a possession and it has no value so it has no effect on VOP.
The text even indicates the it functions LIKE a short sword not that it is a short sword.
In answer to the second question. Soulknives are pretty good candidates for VOP. It might actually give them enough perks to make them equal with other character classes.
The Mind Blade Enhancement and Exalted Strike do not stack. Both are enhancement bonuses.
For the record, I think VoP is not such a good idea for a Soulknife, or anyone really. Magic weapons are expensive, and you save a lot of money by not having to purchase one. Why waste that advantage by giving up material possessions? Unless you're planning on playing below 12th level your entire career, don't bother with VoP.
Soulknife 7 / Kensai 10 / XXX 3 is much better
+10 equivalent weapon for 2,560 xp
+16 BAB or more
Ki Surge
760,000gp, none of which needs to be spent on a weapon, freeing up ~200,000gp for that Tome+5 you had your eye on