(Continuously Editing for Inclusion)
(Note for Exclusion

: Setting specific races belong in setting specific manuals)
STANDARD RACES
Common -- Uncommon -- Rare ------ Very Rare or Unique
Humans -- Elves
---------- Dwarves
---------- Halflings
ADVANCED RACES
Common -- Uncommon -- Rare ---- Very Rare/Unique
-------------- Gnomes ---- Half-Elf ------ Dragonborn
--------------------------- Half-Orc ------ Tiefling
UNUSUAL RACES: Bestial
Common -- Uncommon -- Rare ----- Very Rare/Unique
Goblin ---- Hobgoblin --- Bugbear ------ Goliath
Orc ------- Kobold ------- Gnoll --------- Half-Ogre
------------ Lizardman --- Yuan-ti ------- Minotaur
----------- Tabaxi/Rakasta - Aarakocra --- Wemic
UNUSUAL RACES: Sylvan
Common -- Uncommon -- Rare ----- Very Rare/Unique
----------- Centaur ---- Pixie/Fairy ----- Werebear
----------- Satyr ------- Brownie --------- Avariel
---------------------------Treant -------- Swanmae
----------------------------------------- Plant People (Wilden, Vegepygmies, et al.)
UNUSUAL RACES: Extraplanar
Common -- Uncommon -- Rare -- Very Rare/Unique
------------------------------------------- Aasimar
------------------------------------------- Eladrin
------------------------------------------- Genasi
------------------------------------------- Cambion
------------------------------------------- "Deva" [not the real angel ones, those bogus PC ones]
UNUSUAL RACES: Underdark
Common --- Uncommon --- Rare ----------- Very Rare/Unique
Dwarves ---- Derro -------- Duergar -------- Svirfs
Orcs --------- Troglodytes - Drow ----------- Driders
Goblins ------Myconids ---- Mindflayers ---- Shardminds
Kobolds ----- Norkers ----- Kuo-Toa ------- Dark Creepers/Stalkers
--------------------------------------------------- Pechs
I think D&D needs to take a step back from the "subterranean worlds" trope, otherwise known colloquially as "The Underdark." It's a bloody overpopulated mess! Downright congested.
UNUSUAL RACES: Aquatic
Common --- Uncommon --- Rare ------- Very Rare/Unique
----------------------------- Elf, Aquatic --- Triton
----------------------------- Merfolk -------- Half-Elf, Aquatic
----------------------------- Locatha ------- Genasi, Water
----------------------------------------------- Other Water Elemental beings
I don't really know well (or actively dislike) most of these settings, so if I put things in the wrong places, let me know...or just take the gist and go with it:
STANDARD RACES: Eberron
Common --- Uncommon --- Rare --- Very Rare/Unique
Humans ---- Gnomes ------- Warforged --- Kalashtar
Elves -------- Half-Elves -----Changelings -- Other Explanar
Dwarves ---- Half-Orcs ----- Tieflings
Halflings ---- Drow ---------- Dragonborn
STANDARD RACES: Dark Sun
Common --- Uncommon --- Rare --- Very Rare/Unique
Human ----- Dwarf ---------- Halfling -- Dray (Dragonborn)
--------------- Mul ------------ Half-Elf --- Tieflings
--------------- Elf ------------- Half-Giant -Aarakocra
---------------------------------Thri-Keen
STANDARD RACES: Planescape
Common -- Uncommon --Rare -- Very Rare/Unique
Not even gonna try it -- Anything and Everybody
...wait...what was the question?