I just realized this is a D&D General thread, and not an OSR or OD&D, so this may seem out of place, but in BECMI (or at least in my copy of the Rules Compendium), halflings don't even seem to have their own LANGUAGE. Elves and Dwarves are called out as speaking their own language, plus a few other racial languages. Halflings don't seem to have a culture that's distinct from humans. They have their racial artifact, sure, but they seem to be a subset of human society, not a seperate society with their own culture, governments and language like the Elves and Dwarves.
Plus, in that era of gaming, level limits was how they expressed how much they didn't want you to play a given class, and halflings had the lowest level limit of any class.
It is the same throughout versions of Basic D&D, in B/X, Basic of BECMI, and Rules Cyclopedia the halfling class does not list languages the way dwarves and elves do but halfling is in the list of common languages. For the
Rules Cyclopedia it is page 258 lower right, No 11 on the common languages chart.
I would assume they speak common and halfling and their alignment tongue and not any besides those the way elves and dwarves speak extra ones beyond common alignment and their own language.
In
Moldvay B/X it says "Halflings can also be NPCs. They live in small villages of 30-300 inhabitants. Each village will have a leader (level 2-7) and a village guard of 5-20 militia (each with 2 hit dice)."
In Mentzer and the Rules Cyclopedia it says the same thing.
In Rules Cyclopedia page 13 it says "The demihuman race of dwarves, elves, and halflings have a different way of life than humans."
And on page 26 "Halflings are outgoing but not unusually brave, seeking treasure as a way to gain the comforts of home, which they so dearly love. Halflings prefer to live in pleasant areas of fair countryside near rolling hills and gentle streams. When not working or adventuring, halflings will spend most of their time eating, drinking, talking with friends, and relaxing. Their communities are called shires, and their recognized spokesman is called a Sheriff. Halfling families live in Clans.
"Halflings are woodland folk, and usually get along well with elves and dwarves."
On page 257 it says "Halflings live on good farming land or gentle hills if they can."
And then significantly page 272 in Appendix One on the D&D Known World it discusses the Five Shires of the halflings.
You can see the in-depth sourcebook dedicated to halfling lands and culture in
Gazetteer 8 The Five Shires.