Insight said:
A real lit agent will charge you a percentage of your take on a project. They will require you to go thru a few hoops to get on with them. Having four works completed should get you in the door, but agents will only take on clients they expect to make them money. Your agent is not your friend, and they are not in business to help you per se, only inasmuch as it benefits the agent.
This has not been my experience. Most pro lit agents do take 10-15 percent of whatever you make, but that percentage is limited legally by the associations agents are members of.
As for hoops to go through, it's been my experience that pro agents usually want a query before seeing a manuscript or part of one. If they're interested in the query, they'll ask for the ms. If they like that, then you move on from there and possibly get representation.
Agents may never become your friend, but the good ones become close professional allies, since they're in it to make money along with you. The more of your work they can sell, the more they make and the more you make. Agents are usually less interested in representing a one hit wonder, so multiple novels, stories, scripts, etc. suggests to the agent that you might be serious about the craft.
In addition, many agents can help you with arranging taxes and finances, and can help cultivate your contacts in the publishing field. A good agent is worth their weight in gold, so you should definitely do your research when looking for one.
Especially since there are a lot of crooks out there looking to take money from unaware writers.
Check out the latest copy of the annual Writer's Market or any of the Literary Agent guides. They'll list agents you can submit to, along with their fees and guidelines.
Also check out Writer Beware,
http://www.sfwa.org/beware/
It's a great site devoted to exposing the crooks for what they are.