What I have time for so far, as I'll be adding more on to this post as I have time, as well as doing more building on my campaing setting, since it's still a work in progress.
Inspirations
First thing I think you need to know, is that my campaign setting uses three sources above all others: my imagination (no crap), the book series I am writing, and lots of mythology.
My Imagination: Basically anything I can think of that I like the look and feel of. I'm even completely redoing some of the base classes (read: all spellcasters), to fit more with my themes. Also, by my imagination, I mean my imagination. As Macrovore commented on the other thread, there are no orcs or halflings in my campaign. They are both purely Tolkien creations and have thus been, as cool as they may be, completely discarded. Yes I understand the most mythology likely came from someone's imagination, but I put mythology, which has a primarily religious base, in a different category from novels.
My Books: Yes, I'm writing a fantasy novel series, and yes, I know I'm a geek. But anyways, this is basically the same as the previous category. Almost anything in my campaign setting that happens to pop into my head probably goes into the world of my books as well. The campaign setting is based off the world in the books, so it has many of the same plot elements, places, and characters.
Mythology: I'm a complete mythology buff. No, seriously, I read it in my spare time, especially Greek and Norse. Its fascinating stuff. A lot of the ideas in my books (and by extension the campaign setting) have a strong base in real world myth and folklore from all over the war. Heck, the dwarven race as I'm working them now (though I might change it) sprang from the body of a dead giant, just like in Norse myth. The system of deities is similar to Greek myth, with a few very powerful gods, but hundreds of lesser deities walk the world as well, many of them completely unknown to mortals.
My standard races so far:
Humans
Dwarves (homebrew race, small size, intelligent and strong, master craftsman)
Elves (homebrew, fast, graceful, strong, and savage)
Gnomes (homebrew, hideously ugly, but fantastically strong)
Goblins (homebrew, mediium size, replace orcs, though not as strong, but smarter)
Ogres (homebrew race, not the same as in MM, bigger than D&D orcs, but smaller than D&D ogres)
Giants (primarily fire, frost, and hill, as well as cyclops)
Thats it for now, but I'll write more later.