These systems' conflict resolution are extremely similar from a GMing ethos perspective and a play procedure perspective. They are both fiction-first.
I'm not following, how is this not fiction-first in 5e?
They're both about dramatic resolution of thematic stakes.
How is this not about dramatic resolution of thematic stakes in 5e?
The only thing that is different is the machinery of the conflict resolution.
Sure.
In 4e, in such a conflict as you've devised above, a player might appeal to whatever god to take on the physical suffering/burden of the victim.
I'm not sure how this any different in 5e?
They may roll a primary Endurance or Con check for this and it might move things forward positively, set things back, or close out the scene (with a win or a loss). The same thing might occur in DW.
I'm not following where this philosophy deviates from 5e?
Or it might happen with Religion (a direct invocation to the god for intercession).
Again where is the deviation from 5e?
There are a lot of possibilities.
This sounds like DM Fiat.
We'd set the stakes, frame the scene, grab the dice and find out what happens.
Still not seeing a difference between 4e and 5e. The only reason there are stakes in this 'prayer' is that the PC who is asking for the Miracle is requesting he take on the victims pain/burden. Are you saying in 5e, PCs cannot perform such a prayer?
After a thorough examination, I'm convinced that the GM's job in 5e noncombat action resolution is extremely "fiatish."
Given your words above 'there are a lot of possibilities' I'm inclined to think the same of 4e.
Unlike the other systems above, the GM decides everything in a procedure something like this:
Can this even be tried (who knows - this is intentionally left to the table)
I'm not understanding you here, miracles such as the one in @
pemerton's example are common place under the skill system in 4e?
What is the difficulty of the task (a process-sim evaluation)
5e has guidelines on the difficulty of tasks similar to 4e. Does one not set a difficulty for a task in 4e?
What exactly is the impromptu established "win/loss condition (mechanically)"
I'm guessing we already know what the 'win' condition is. as for the 'loss condition' it depends on the plea of the prayer and to whom they were praying to I guess. Where is the stakes auto given by the rules in 4e.
What is going to be the machinery of resolution itself (eg one check, stepped checks, contest, fail-forward, etc)
How does one determine in 4e whether it be one check, stepped checks, contest, fail-forward? It is prescribed/mandatory? If a 4e DM chooses one over the other are they wrong? My point is, if the DM is not wrong and things are not mandatory, then I guess DM fiat is acceptable in 4e as it is in 5e so I see no difference.
Once again I am asking here, as I'm unsure.
What am I now obliged (if anything) to incorporate into the fiction?
Are you obliged in 4e to incorporate "whatever" into the fiction? How? I'm not following you here.
Procedurally in 5e, what exactly is the process-sim basis for the Medicine DC with respect to the appeal to the god in question?
So in 4e whatever the equivalent 'Medicine' skill is, which 4e book defines the process-sim with respect to the appeal to the god in question?
The gravity of the wound or debilitation?
What do you mean by this, is this an isolated phenomenon in 5e?
The victim's or responder's piety or ties to the god?
In this question not important in 4e? How do you explain its unimportance in 4e?
Do we mash that together?
Mash what exactly?
What is the win/loss condition?
Surely one will recognise the win condition. As for the loss condition I point you to my questions above.
Success on one check...two checks...three checks (without a failure in between?) and the fiction is closed out?
What do you mean closed out? Does the fiction carry on in 4e? For how long does this fiction carry on in game time? Please define the fiction that carries on?
I guess when you pray for a miracle and nothing happens you have your answer. How is this different to 4e? What happens if you fail in 4e when appealing to a god? If you roll and miss in combat does something always happen?
There is strict advice to fail-forward in 5e. But when?
When does one fail forward in 4e? Is it mandatory for every skill check or only when one does miracles?
Is there a limit in 4e, when too much fail forwarding is too much? Is there ever too little fail-forwarding in 4e and how does one measure that? With regards to miracles what do the 4e books recommend for minimum and maximum for fail-forwards?
I'm confused. If this was a skill challenge, I failed it.