Is there a resource anywhere that would tell you what abilities characters gain and what levels? For purposes of planning/building adventures.
No.
When you first start out as a Dungeons & Dragons Dungeon Master it's all fairly overwhelming. It's very easy to be surprised when the players pull an ace out their collective sleeve and use a feature that circumvents or trivializes something you have set up for them.
Resisting this is futile. The point of D&D is pretty much using your abilities at the right time.
There is no shortcut to system mastery as a DM, I'm afraid.
All I can say is, you're lucky you're running 5e! It's significantly easier and with way fewer gotchas than any other non-obscure edition (I.e 3rd onwards)
Good luck!
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Since I suspect this could be an attempt at humor, I'll pass on making a comment.What are you trying to imply here? That the 1e DM's guide was ever anything but helpfull?

(Dungeons & Dragons)
Rulebook featuring "high magic" options, including a host of new spells.