iserith
Magic Wordsmith
It is possible to do that while playing a peasant PC.
Suggesting that all the talk about class balance maybe isn't all that important at the table.
This reads like "I was poor and got rich, so everyone who is poor has only themselves to blame" nonsense.
Playing D&D well is a skill. It can be improved with effort. That effort is a great deal easier than moving up the socio-economic ladder. I therefore find your characterization erroneous.
The Beastmaster ranger, for example, has a problem that people who want to play it tend to like the idea of having a pet; but the class is designed such that the pet is cheap and easy to replace. This isn't the experience most of the people I've seen playing it want.
What they often end up with is a Ranger with no subclass, because they find that their pet is not strong enough to reliably survive combat. The risk they put their pet in isn't worth much.
And yes, you can play a Ranger-with-no-subclass and still contribute; you can play a peasant in 5e and still contribute. You just won't be telling a story that many people want to tell with that PC.
The beast master ranger looks to me like one where you do change up pets from time to time. So that's how I play it. If someone tries to play it in a way that is not supported, then they are making it harder on themselves.
The design errors include the load on DMs. The Ranger class abilities require a very specific amount of wilderness exploration in the regions that the Ranger is specialized in, and a specific amount outside of it. Too much, and the Ranger's veto makes it boring; too little, and the ability doesn't do anything. Without the contrast, and both look like they do nothing.
The favored enemy has the same issue. The Ranger either has to get lucky with a good pick, they have to coordinate the pick with the DM's plot, or the DM has to coordinate enemies to match the Ranger's class ability (which does nothing and is ignorable if it is ignored).
There's no real load on the DM in my experience. The smart play is to choose characters according to the campaign that is being planned e.g. don't pick a PHB ranger for an urban campaign. Choosing an effective character in the context of the campaign is just another player skill.