So 5e simply gets it wrong, then. Not the first time a mistake's been made at the design level.
Which as written, if there's no consequence for failure, just either a) hands success over uncontested or b) forces an auto-fail; even if success on its own has very significant consequences
and achievement of such is in doubt.
Garbage design. And fixable by just a few additional words. If your line above read "
You don't call for a roll unless there's an uncertain outcome and a meaningful consequence for one or both of failure or success." I'd have no problem with it.