Minus fourth class is better than zeroth class.
The original combat system came from Chainmail.
In Chainmail, there were 8
classes of
armor (armor class, get it?), that as the armor went up, so too did the number required to hit it (on 2d6). Weirdly, the Chainmail system had an AC of 1 being the least armored and 8 being the most. But the system mapped directly onto the later OD&D system from the numbers (Chainmail 1 = OD&D 9, or unarmored, and Chainmail 8 = OD&D 2, or Plate + Shield).
So why the shift? As in all things historical, it's ... controversial. Two possibilities:
1. The mind of Gygax. Gygax said, "Eh, I just changed it." (In an interview somewhere).
2. A naval game. Arneson claimed it was inspired by a naval game- naybe Ironclads. But that seems more likely to be the inspiration for hit points.
What we do know is that in the original rules, a first level fighter would have to roll a 20
minus the AC of a target - so a first level fighter would need an 18 to hit AC 2, and an 11 to hit AC 9. Kind of the same as THAC0.
There's a fair amount on this from Jon Peterson, DM David, and the like.