Personally, I think rather than a house rule, the “nothing happens” problem is better resolved by changing your DMing procedure. If you only call for checks to resolve actions that have meaningful consequences for failure, there is never a roll on which nothing happens on a failure.
In combat, I don’t think it’s true that nothing happens on a failure by the default rules. What happens is a round passes without you having done damage. That might kind of look like nothing if you’re not thinking about time as a resource, but especially in combat, it is, and failure means the loss of that resource with no benefit.