Mustrum_Ridcully
Legend
The rules only give us very limited ways to gain class levels, so if it still requires going on adventures and either killing monsters or achieving quests, it might not be possible for an entire village to get that many high level PCs, because there just aren't that many "quests" around. (And they kinda drain the pool of quests, once you defeated the evil baron, the goblin hordes and the manticore, they are gone and don't regrow).
If you can gain levels by just attending school, definitely a lot more would go to schools for the various types of magic.
Spells that cleanse or create food and water and spells that help growing plants would be very important and would likely allow sustaining much higher populations with less people working on the fields. (Kinda like the invention Haber-Bosch process and all other agricultural advances.). This would free a lot of people doing other jobs. if magic can be studied like science and you can actually advance magical knowledge (which the rules don't state how, you can't invent new spells), this might transform society considerably. But if magic remains "arcane", unscrutable, and you can just learn the rotes that exist, it might lead to very different technological advancement then ours. There is clear advantage to just studying all the various forms of magic, becoming a bard, cleric, druid or wizard, but it would be a lot less obvious to do real "science". This might actually stunt technological development - there wouldn't be magic-powered cars, because there aren't existing rules for that. The best you can get are summoned animals or elementals to drag your vehicles (and many such spells don't have sufficient duration. But maybe you could "rent" a Mount spell instead of a horse. It's gone when the spell expires, but you don't need to worry about food.)
All the various healing spells would probably create a health care system where the "medical casters" would be called to heal any ailments people suffer from. Resourrection spells tend to be very expensive and require highly trained clerics, so many people might not be able to afford it, but maybe there would be a kind of "life insurance" system where people can buy in so they can be raised if they die prematurely from accident or muder, but if you want to live forever, you might need to be rich yourself. I don't know the exact 5E spell lists, but it might lead to interesting organzations. Obviously, Clerics and chruches would play an important role in the health care system, but Druids might be more common among the lesser populated, wilder area, and Bards might also be popular. Imagine brothels and bars becoming important health care providers?
If you can gain levels by just attending school, definitely a lot more would go to schools for the various types of magic.
Spells that cleanse or create food and water and spells that help growing plants would be very important and would likely allow sustaining much higher populations with less people working on the fields. (Kinda like the invention Haber-Bosch process and all other agricultural advances.). This would free a lot of people doing other jobs. if magic can be studied like science and you can actually advance magical knowledge (which the rules don't state how, you can't invent new spells), this might transform society considerably. But if magic remains "arcane", unscrutable, and you can just learn the rotes that exist, it might lead to very different technological advancement then ours. There is clear advantage to just studying all the various forms of magic, becoming a bard, cleric, druid or wizard, but it would be a lot less obvious to do real "science". This might actually stunt technological development - there wouldn't be magic-powered cars, because there aren't existing rules for that. The best you can get are summoned animals or elementals to drag your vehicles (and many such spells don't have sufficient duration. But maybe you could "rent" a Mount spell instead of a horse. It's gone when the spell expires, but you don't need to worry about food.)
All the various healing spells would probably create a health care system where the "medical casters" would be called to heal any ailments people suffer from. Resourrection spells tend to be very expensive and require highly trained clerics, so many people might not be able to afford it, but maybe there would be a kind of "life insurance" system where people can buy in so they can be raised if they die prematurely from accident or muder, but if you want to live forever, you might need to be rich yourself. I don't know the exact 5E spell lists, but it might lead to interesting organzations. Obviously, Clerics and chruches would play an important role in the health care system, but Druids might be more common among the lesser populated, wilder area, and Bards might also be popular. Imagine brothels and bars becoming important health care providers?