I hadn't looked into the earlier usage of the modern usage (?) of the term before. I'll have to google up DuBois some more. Thanks! It does make sense that back then (and beyond) that the one direction definition is the one that shows what needs to be worked on most.
The OED definition doesn't get at that idea as well as that 1903 quote does: "A belief that one’s own racial or ethnic group is superior, or that other such groups represent a threat to one's cultural identity, racial integrity, or economic well-being; (also) a belief that the members of different racial or ethnic groups possess specific characteristics, abilities, or qualities, which can be compared and evaluated. Hence: prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against people of other racial or ethnic groups (or, more widely, of other nationalities), esp. based on such beliefs."
It also ties the term racism to racialism, and goes to a disgusting 1880's quote. I'm surprised it doesn't go back further (did your course say how they would have used, if anything in the mid 1800s, say?).