It depends on who you ask.
If you asked the Jinnistani nobles, and somehow managed to get a truly honest answer out of them, they would unequivocally say "behind." They used to rule this part of the mortal world, uncontested. They had (for some reason, still not entirely clear) to abandon those holdings and move to Al-Akirah, the elemental otherworld, forming the new collection of city-states, Jinnistan. (Before that, they were just called "the genie-rajahs.") They used to have incredible power over the world; they still have most of their wealth and are still very influential, but they can't afford to ignore mortal-race politics anymore and that's a clear mark of how far they've fallen by comparison.
If you asked two of the four major "bad guy" factions--the Raven-Shadows or the Shadow Druids, who are actually bitter enemies--they would almost certainly say "behind." The Kahina (Druids and Shamans together) used to be incredibly influential among mortals, before the genie-rajahs left and most of the Nomad Tribes and liberated slaves settled down to form the ancestors of the modern-day city-folk. Now, they're but one of several factions, arguably less influential and important than the Safiqi priesthood--and the Shadow Druids want to reverse that. The Raven-Shadows, meanwhile, are currently dealing with a massive internal schism and the removal of one of their main focuses (as the party has eliminated the main interplanar threat that could have threatened the region).
If you asked the Waziri mage order...that'd be complicated. They REALLY screwed up recently, to the point that they held onto their legitimacy by a slim margin, so from a political/financial standpoint they're on thin ice right now. But from a knowledge standpoint, oh boy, this is absolutely a frenzied time of discovery. The players have contributed to it, but even before they got started, other adventurers and the strangely shifting winds had revealed many things long forgotten in the desert. The Waziri as a whole learn new magical techniques by deconstructing the magic of others and rebuilding it. (This is actually why they struggle to learn healing magic--it's very hard to deconstruct faith.) So, the more ancient magic items flowing in, the more they're overall learning.
Al-Rakkah, the largest city and main focus of the game (being the titular Jewel of the Desert), is absolutely doing better than it was. The old sultan, Sultan Iskandar, had an excellent early reign, bringing Al-Rakkah to the highest heights it had ever reached....and then his late reign nearly destroyed everything as he slowly went senile and paranoid. His youngest daughter, his only legitimate child that wasn't disowned, married off, or slain, had a few years of regency after Iskandar's assassination and then took the throne. She is beautiful, brilliant, and beloved by her people, and she has proven her bravery and strength as a leader after the Deadwind Heart crisis (which is what caused the Waziri to lose so much face). So...the city is bouncing back from a dark time, and looks poised to regain the heights it had when Iskandar was young.
Overall for the (local) world? It's....hard to say. Mortal society in this part of the world is absolutely the best it's been, basically ever. Two thousand years ago, when the genie-rajahs left (or were forced out), almost all mortals were either slaves (some treated decently, some treated horrifically), while everyone else was nomads eking out a hardscrabble life in the arid wastes between the genie cities. Today, the Tarrakhuna is a network of vibrant city-states united by trade, with Al-Rakkah the strongest and most prestigious of them, its explorers going to far lands and bringing back incredible riches and magic. Yet there are numerous major threats arising, in some cases specifically because the world is becoming so prosperous.
If our heroes can save the day and stave off the darkness, a bright dawn may grow into a true golden age. If they should falter, that hope may dim, or even be doused entirely. Not forever, darkness is never eternal. But consequences might be.