Man in the Funny Hat said:
Only after stepping up one difficulty level did I get a wake-up call in the late game that I still had single warriors for defense of cities against gunpowder units and that I'd been dithering around so much with this and that to where I hadn't noticed how far behind one of the other civs I actually was. When I saw them building spaceship parts and I hadn't even gotten the tech for it yet I realized I was in trouble and ultimately ran out of time.
Deja vu. The single warrior defense is a serious invitation for a war. Even friendly AIs will attack you if you leave a very weak military around.
Culture sure doesn't seem to have any significant effect upon the computer civs. I've had my cultural borders surrounding size 1 enemy cities. A single square 2 deep within my own borders and buliding every cultural wonder without any effect. Although the first game I played one neighboring city did defect to my side about 5 turns before I won. But obviously you can't effectively take computer territory through culture. Lesson #1.
There are certain situations where culture will not work unless you change options. It wasn't one of your old cities, was it? Basically, every square has a percentage culture. If this percent gets too low, then there's a chance of revolt every turn. You can see these effects in your affected cities. It works the same way for the AI. It's VERY hard to culturally flip an established, large city. Supposedly not that hard for smaller ones (though I've never seen it happen myself... Haven't really tried though. Usually easier to just wheel some catapults up and take the dang thing).
Haven't yet gotten to tinkering with creating specialists at all except adding a few Great People as permanent specialists. I don't feel like I've quite gotten the point or effectiveness of religion yet and I've been assuming it simply doesn't have a big effect until higher difficulty levels kick in some of the need for micromanagement.
Religion = CASH + diplomacy effects + culture/happiness.
Building shrines from Great Prophets can be very profitable.
At higher difficulties, Temples are one of the only early ways to increase city happiness without luxury resources. But, when you build a religion, you risk alienating your neighbors if the religion isn't adopted by them. A religious difference between you and a bordering neighbor is almost certainly going to lead to war.
There are various strategies here. Found a religon and go for cash... Stay in a No-State-Religion, and keep your neighbors from declaring you heathens.
The game LOOKS great and I have no complaints as yet as I start to move to higher difficulty levels and learn more of the changes.
Things start to make more sense as you move to higher levels. At the low levels, the theaters, temples, colloseums all seem superfluous. The culture slider... who the heck would use that? But as you get higher, there's one less happy guy and one less heathiness point per city... They become invaluable. Police stations start to be something you'd actually consider building.
And the barbarians... Ouch. They get mean.