To me, the characters' whole life led up to the moment they become an adventurer. It is a bit weird that a wizard/cleric/sorcerer turns out with little more than someone who was just born with it, or that what is functionally the bulk of lvl 1 spellcasting features is a footnote of stuff a character learned along the way. Instead of a whole lifetime of study to be a wizard, or being born a rare sorcerer, magic is just laying around like a pint in a tavern waiting to be quaffed.
I think this comes from misunderstanding the human features. Skilled allows you to take tools, crafter gives you tools. The rules of the PHB in 2014 make it fairly clear that proficiency in tools makes you a trained professional. IE a Blacksmith only requires proficiency in Blacksmith's tools to be considered a professional blacksmith.
A human can start with SEVEN tools. That means that they are a professional Alchemist, Cartographer, Glassblower, Blacksmith, Stone Mason, Woodworker and Weaver.
Yes, this gets weird when you consider things like Lucky or Tough that don't necessarily take a lot of effort to "learn", but if you are comparing effort, learning as much magic as a 1st level caster is the equivalent to learning Six other professions. That's not quite "
just laying around like a pint in a tavern waiting to be quaffed."
I don't think casters get an equal benefit from taking Magic Initiate as martials because they already had access to non-physical ranged damage and utility options via spells.
Depends on the spells. Getting int based Shillelagh, Cure Wounds and Thorn Whip might be REALLY good for a wizard, while getting Wis based Shield, Fire Bolt and Blade Ward on a Cleric might be incredibly good too. It depends on the specific goals of the character.
We know some spells were changed to improve their action economy - I think some spells (or portions of spells) are bonus actions instead of actions, and concentration was dropped for some - in general, spells were buffed, and buffed in a way that works well with martials.
There's also nothing going the other way. No fighter initiate feat that gives a choice of weapon mastery and/or fighting style. So a martial can add magic but a caster can't add fighting? And forget about wearing armor - that's not possible to learn, unlike multiple paths of magic.
I'm pretty much okay with Wizards and Sorcerers struggling to get armor or martial weapons. It isn't hard to multi-class to get them, and Druid, Cleric, Bard and Warlock all have paths to improve their martial capabilities within the class itself.