YMMV of course. Any barbarian worth his salt would learn the lesson, but it's not the DM's job to teach lessons. It's the DMs job to know what's fun for his players. If he's familiar enough with them to know that a missing ear is going to be part of a great story moment, then great!
However, in my experience, players hate two things: being rendered impotent by stripping them of freedom/powers/gear, and messing with the image of their character. What may be a great roleplaying opportunity, may end up being not very fun. I've seen it time and time again.
That being said, the most important thing for DMs is to know their players.
That's good advice. I didn't really think about the body image issue. I should have thought of that as Bob from _Knights of the Dinner Table_ had exactly the same "you ruined my character!" reaction many years back.
I had this discussion with The Barbarian, and he liked the idea so much that he wanted to ret-con (retroactive continuity) it so that his ear did get cut off. So be it!