This conversation reminds me of when I was preparing for a Fantasy Western using the 5e rules. I wanted to keep in the races of the PHB, and at first I started to think, "Which culture lines up with each race?"
Then I realized that no matter how I arranged it, aligning any race with a single culture is problematic.
The real answer is to separate culture and race. If I have in my setting some Native American cultures, the people of that culture could be any race from the PHB. So could be the European settlers / colonizers. So could be the Chinese immigrants. And to me, that makes the setting a lot more exciting! Having a Cherokee Gnome and a Spanish Gnome together makes a lot more sense than saying each culture is somehow biologically different than each other.